Labour and delivery – What to bring to the Hospital.

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This article will help you to prepare the essential items that you need to bring to the hospital for your labour and delivery. The preparation should be done when you are about eight months pregnant. Pack the items listed in the list below in a bag and place the bag in a convenient place that is easy for you or your spouse to retrieve it when needed.

The list here is just a suggestion or a guide only, and you may make your own adjustments based on your preference. Decide which items you will need for your labour and birth, the hospital stay, and for the trip home for you and your baby.

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Nausea & vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) (Morning Sickness in Pregnancy)

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This is common in the first three months of pregnancy and occurs in 50% to 80% of pregnant women. The symptoms often occur in the morning (from 6-9 am) but may occur at any time during the day. The impact and severity of the nausea and vomiting is different for each woman.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

It ranges from mild to severe nausea with or without vomiting. This is usually during the first 12 to 14 weeks of pregnancy. It may continue longer, and for a few women, may last throughout pregnancy. By the end of the third month, most symptoms will resolve in the majority of women. The symptoms are more severe in those with multiple pregnancy or molar pregnancy.

CAUSES

The exact causes of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy are unknown. Nausea may result from rising levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin (pregnancy hormone) in the blood or other hormonal changes that take place to permit normal growth of the fetus.

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Progestogen-only Injectable (POI) Contraception

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Progestogen-only injectable contraception is a hormonal type of contraception that is given through an injection. It contains a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone, known as progestin or progestogen. They provide protection against pregnancy for up to 8 to 14 weeks.

Types

  • Medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)
  • Norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN)

Mechanism of action

  • This hormone works primarily by suppressing ovulation (preventing the release of an egg from the ovaries).
  • It also thickens cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg.
  • It can thin out the uterine lining, making it less suitable for the development of the fertilized egg.

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Progestogen only pill (POPs)

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This type of pill does not contain oestrogen and the dose of progestogen is significantly lower than in those used in combined oral contraceptive pills (COC). It is also called the “mini-pill” and is useful for women who do not want pills that contain oestrogen or in situations where the oestrogen is not suitable for medical reasons. They are a highly effective method of birth control when taken correctly.

Formulation – Available formulations are:

  • Norethisterone 350 ug (NET) – (Noriday)
  • Levonorgestrel (LNG) 30 μg
  • Desogestrel (DSG) 75 μg – (Cerazette)

Levonorgestrel (LNG) and norethisterone (NET) are grouped as “traditional’ POPs”

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Wisdom versus Intelligence

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Article contributed by Dr Ong Tien Kwan (Klinik Ong)

A wise action – whether through bodily action, verbal action or mental action – is an act that is beneficial to the doer, the recipient and the community. For example, an act of generosity is a wise action because it brings benefits to the doer, the recipient and the community. A wise person is one who acts wisely.

In contrast, a foolish action is one that is harmful to oneself, to others and to the community. For example, a raging (angry) action brings harm to oneself, to others and to the community. A fool is one who thinks that his or her foolish action is beneficial to himself or herself, when in fact, it is not. Often, this is because he or she is only able to see the short-term gain but unable to see the long-term loss.

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Admission for surgery – what to bring to the Hospital

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This article will help you to prepare the essential items that you need to bring to the hospital for your admission. The list here is just a suggestion or a guide only, and you may make your own adjustment, based on your own preference. Decide which items you will need for a comfortable stay and recovery. However, you should not over-pack so as to inconvenience everyone, including yourself during your admission or discharge. The items will also depend on the expected length of stay in the hospital.

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Bartholin glands disorders (Bartholin cyst / Bartholin abscess)

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The Bartholin gland is located on either side of the vaginal opening, on the inner aspect at about 5 and 7 o’clock position. The glands secrete a fluid (mucus) that keeps the vagina moist and helps lubricate the vaginal area during sexual activity. The gland is not visible or palpable unless it is swollen.

Common disorders of the Bartholin glands are:

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Home Pregnancy Tests

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The currently used method to confirm pregnancy depends on the detection of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is present in the blood and urine of a pregnant woman. The hCG hormone is produced by the placenta in increasing amounts within 10 days after fertilization. The home pregnancy test kit detects this hormone in the urine of the pregnant woman.

An absence of a menstrual period in a sexually active female is usually the first reason to do a pregnancy test. Many women may experience some symptoms and signs of pregnancy as early as 5 to 6 weeks after the first day of their last menstrual period, provided she has a regular menstrual cycle.  These may include:

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